2020年研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試（英語一）試題及答案（3）

2020年研究生聯(lián)考（英語一）考試已經(jīng)結(jié)束，為了讓大家及時了解考試情況，本文由中國在職研究生招生信息網(wǎng)為大家整理了2020年一月聯(lián)考（英語一）試題及答案以供大家核對。

Part B

Directions:

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41 -45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

[A] Eye fixactions are brief

[B] Too much eye contact is instinetively felt to be rude

[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal

[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact

[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated

[F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers

[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.   

In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way. But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate tums toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility. Here 's what hard science reveals about eye contact:

41. ________________        

We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back . This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In adulthood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence,a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.

42.________        

Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.

43.________       

With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages, depending on the situation While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance OF intimidation in adversarial situations. Whether you're a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep 'in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you're trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.

44.________    

When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.

45.________     

In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance, according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues. Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ-" A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.

41.答案：C. Eye contact can be a friendly social signal

解析：本段第三句說了，“can be a complimentary significant of paying attention”，此外本段最后一句也說：眼神接觸和微笑能signal availability and confidence發(fā)送可用性和自信的信號。都說明眼神接觸是個友善的社交信號。 因此選C。

42.答案：E

解析：本段第一句就出現(xiàn)了hormone 荷爾蒙，此外，本段中出現(xiàn)的oxytocin催產(chǎn)素，hign-functioning高官能，autistic spectrum symptoms自閉癥譜系癥狀等詞都說明是在聊生物因素。最后一句中還有explore探索，brain scanning 腦部掃描。所以選E

43. 答案：G

解析：本段第一句就說了eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages，depending on the situation眼神接觸根據(jù)不同情況會發(fā)出不同的訊息。下一句主干說在不利環(huán)境中，會與dominance支配or intimidation恫嚇有關(guān)聯(lián)。因此G為正確答案。

44．答案：A

解析 ：本段第一句就提到了time，第二句清楚地說到了These pauses typically occur at about three per second，通常每秒三次，充分說明很快，所以選A。

45. 答案：D

解析：第一句話中就有personality。在引用中轉(zhuǎn)折之后，but their brain reactions also differ人們腦部反應(yīng)不同，最后一句話更加明確說到高負(fù)能量的人更覺得被人直視令人不舒服。因此選D。

Part C Translation

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Following the explosion of creativity in Florence during the 14th century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the　17th century, with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. 46.With （the gap between） the church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gap between the medieval and modern periods had been bridged, leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.

During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and　Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. 47. Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that in actual fact, all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory during a time of high tension between scientific　and religious minds was branded as heresy,and any such heretics that continued to spread　these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death. Galileo was excommunicated　by the Church and imprisoned for life for his astronomical observations and his support of　the heliocentric principle.

48. Despite attempts by the Church to strong-arm this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made,and at a rate that the people-including the Church -could no longer ignore. It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.

The Church's long-standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe during most of the 17th century. 49. As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world. The Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.

The 17th and 18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity. Scientific method,reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. 50. Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase'sapere aude'or 'dare to know', after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment? It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.

46.With （the gap between） the church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gap between the medieval and modern periods had been bridged, leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.

由于文藝復(fù)興時期教會的教義和思維方式之間的差距被消除，中世紀(jì)和現(xiàn)代時期之間的差距得以彌合，導(dǎo)致了新的和未開發(fā)的知識領(lǐng)域。

47. Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe.

每個啟示出現(xiàn)之前，當(dāng)時的許多思想家都采用更為古老的思維方式，包括地心說的觀點，該觀點認(rèn)為地球是我們宇宙的中心。

48. Despite attempts by the Church to sop suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists，more explorations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that people could no longer ignore.

盡管教堂做出許多嘗試去壓制新一代的邏輯學(xué)家和理性主義者，但是更多對于宇宙是如何運(yùn)作的探索正在以人們難以忽視的速度進(jìn)行著。

49. As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era.

正當(dāng)很多人致力于嘗試把推理和科學(xué)哲理融入到世界時，文藝復(fù)興結(jié)束了，而此時一個新的時代到來了。

50. Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase's ‘Sapere aude’ or ’dare to know’.

這些探索知識并且理解已知信息的行為可以用拉丁文“Sapere aude”或英文“dare to know”描述。   

【解析】

1. 本句主干為 the gap between the medieval and modern periods had been bridged(中世紀(jì)和現(xiàn)代時期之間的差距得以彌合)
2. With （the gap between） the church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance做伴隨狀語，其中being eclipsed是with+賓語+賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的一部分。

3. leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。

【參考譯文】

 由于文藝復(fù)興時期教會的教義和思維方式之間的差距被消除，中世紀(jì)和現(xiàn)代時期之間的差距得以彌合，導(dǎo)致了新的和未開發(fā)的知識領(lǐng)域。

47. Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe.

【解析】

1. 本句主干為many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking(當(dāng)時的許多思想家都采用更為古老的思維方式) ，其中 at the time作后置定語修飾many thinkers 。

2.  Before each of their revelations部分為時間狀語。

3. including the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe，分詞作后置定語修飾ways of thinking，其中that后是同位語從句修飾限定view。

【參考譯文】在每個啟示之前，當(dāng)時的許多思想家都采用更為古老的思維方式，包括地心說的觀點，該觀點認(rèn)為地球是我們宇宙的中心。

48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists，more explorations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that people could no longer ignore.

【解析】

1. 本句主干為more explorations for how the universe functioned were being made(更多對于宇宙是如何運(yùn)作的探索正在進(jìn)行著)，其中for后面是how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。

2. Despite attempts by the Church to suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists

做方式狀語，其中to suppress...作后置定語修飾attempts

3. that people could no longer ignore做定語從句修飾rate。

【參考譯文】

盡管教堂做出許多嘗試去壓制新一代的邏輯學(xué)家和理性主義者，但是更多對于宇宙是如何運(yùn)作的探索正在以人們難以忽視的速度進(jìn)行著。

49) As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for an Age of Reason.

【解析】

 1. 本句主干為the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era. （文藝復(fù)興結(jié)束了，而此時一個新的時代到來了），是兩個并列單句。

 2. As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world為時間狀語從句，as譯為“當(dāng).......什么時候”

  (1) took on the duty，意思為“承擔(dān)責(zé)任”

  (2) of后是介賓短語作后置定語修飾duty。 

【參考譯文】

正當(dāng)很多人致力于嘗試把推理和科學(xué)哲理融入到世界時，文藝復(fù)興結(jié)束了，而此時一個新的理性時代到來了。

50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase's‘Sapere aude’or‘dare to know’.

【解析】

 1. 本句是一簡單句，主干的謂語動詞是were captured

 2. to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew 部分是不定式作后置定語，修飾such actions，其中what information we already knew是 understand 的賓語從句。 

【參考譯文】

試圖去尋求知識和理解我們已有信息這種行動由拉丁文詞語 ‘Sapere aude’ 或 ‘dare to know’來描述。